Software Engineering: System Concepts

 

System Concepts

Definition: a system can be defined as a group of interrelated or interacting elements designed to perform a specified function.

A system should have the following properties :

 Central objectives: There must be a central objective of a system. It can be real or stated and the user should know the main objective of the system in analysis phase for its better functionality.

Organised: the parts of a system should be arranged in a systematic manner, according to a specific design and each one have a predefined function to be performed in the system.

 Interdependence: The components of a system must be dependent on each other to perform a specified goal.

 Integration: A system must be integrated it means that the components of a system must work together with coordination in spite they are performing different functions.
 
Characteristics of a good software:
A software product can be evaluated based on what it provides and how easy it is to use. Here are the characteristics on basis of which software is evaluated, which are as follows:

Operational: This explains how software functions in real-world settings. This can be evaluated on the following ground Budget, Usability, Correctness, Efficiency, Functionality, Dependability, Security and Safety.

Transitional: When software moves from one platform to another, this aspect is of particular importance. It includes following factors like Portability, Interoperability, adaptability and Reusability.

Maintenance: It includes the factor like modularity, flexibility, scalability and maintainability

Elements of a system:

Elements of a system are the components and procedures that helps a system to perform its functions. These are the following elements of a system:

Components: these are the individual parts of a system that integrates together to perform systems function. It can be tangible or intangible like software.

Interaction: it refers to relationships and connections inside the system. It can involve exchange of information, materials.

Boundaries: boundaries defines the limits of a system and separate it from its environment. They can be physical, conceptual or operational.

 Inputs: these are the information or data that is entered in the system. Inputs are necessary for the system to function and achieve its objectives.

Outputs: these are the results or outcomes of operations that is produced by a system.

 Processes: these are the series of actions, transformation, or operations that occur within the system to convert input into outputs.

Feedback loop: feedback loops are mechanisms that allow the system to monitor its performance and make adjustments as necessary. It can be negative or positive.

These above elements are essential for analysing, designing and optimising system for efficiency and effectiveness.

Role of a system analyst:
In software engineering, a system analyst serves as a liaison between the technical and business sides of a project. Their role involves:

 Requirements Gathering: System analysts work closely with stakeholders to understand their needs and translate them into detailed system requirements.

System Design: They participate in the design phase, helping to create system architecture, user interfaces, and data models based on gathered requirements.

Analysis and Problem Solving: System analysts analyze existing systems to identify inefficiencies or areas for improvement, and propose solutions to address them.

 Communication: They act as a communication bridge between different teams, ensuring that developers understand business requirements and that stakeholders are informed about technical constraints and possibilities.

 Testing and Quality Assurance: System analysts may be involved in testing activities to ensure that the developed software meets the specified requirements and quality standards.

·       Project Management: They may also take on project management responsibilities, coordinating tasks, timelines, and resources to ensure project success.

Overall, system analysts play a crucial role in ensuring that software projects are successful by aligning technical solutions with business needs and facilitating effective communication between stakeholders and development teams.
 

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